Nanoparticles in the Water Cycle by Fritz H. H. Frimmel & R. Niessner

Author:Fritz H. H. Frimmel & R. Niessner
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg

Fig. 8.4Light-intensity-weighted particle size distribution in the ARD sample according to the CONTIN deconvolution of the autocorrelation functions. (a) Raw sample, (b) 5-μm filtrate, (c) 400-nm filtrate, and (d) 50-nm filtrate. Removing the larger submicron particles results in the appearance of the weakly scattering ultrafine particles (<10 nm) (from Zänker et al., 2002; with permission)

ICP-MS/AAS on the retentates of the 50-nm filters revealed that the strongly scattering 100-nm particles are a trace component of only about 20 mg/L consisting primarily of Fe and As compounds. On the other hand, ultrafiltration with 3-kD filters showed that at least 680 mg/L Fe, 230 mg/L As, and 20 mg/L Pb occurred in the form of the ultrafine nanoparticles of <10 nm in this ARD solution which means that at least 15% of the Fe, 50% of the As, and 80% of the Pb were colloidal heavy metal/metalloid.

Particle size of nanoparticles at very low concentration by laser-induced breakdown detection (LIBD). A method of a lower particle concentration detection limit is LIBD. Figure 8.5 shows the LIBD setup according to Opel et al. (2007). A pulsed Nd:YAG laser is used as the light source; the laser beam reaches the cuvette via beam adjustment and beam diagnostics units and a lens system for focusing (laser wavelengths: 532 nm). The laser pulse energy is adjusted in a way thatno breakdown events occur in the liquid and

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